Systemic sclerosis in a patient with Turner syndrome: A case report and a review of associated autoimmune diseases

Turner's syndrome (TS) is one of the most common sex chromosome disorders caused by numeric or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. A case of TS and Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is reported, along with a summary of all associated TS/autoimmune diseases described in English literature from 1948 to 2020, using a search in MEDLINE (Pubmed). A 32-year-old woman affected by TS was seen due to inflammatory arthralgia in small joints and dysphagia, as well as a two-year history of Raynaud's phenomenon and puffy hands. Biohumoural laboratory tests and severity scales revealed changes that allowed us to diagnose SSc. This case report emphasises the role played by sex hormones and chromosomal abnormalities in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, and to our knowledge, this is the only case described in literature of a TS patient who developed SSc.

El síndrome de Turner (TS) es uno de los trastornos cromosómicos sexuales más comunes causados por anomalías numéricas o estructurales del cromosoma X. En este documento informamos de un caso de TS y esclerosis sistémica (SSc) y resumimos toda la asociación de TS/enfermedades autoinmunes descrita en la literatura inglesa de 1948 a 2020, encontrada buscando en MEDLINE (PubMed). Una mujer de 32 arios afectada por TS acudió a nuestra observación debido a la artralgia inflamatoria en pequenas articulaciones y disfagia y 2 anos de historia del fenómeno de Raynaud y las manos hinchadas. El laboratorio biohumoral y las pruebas instrumentales revelaron alteraciones que nos permitieron diagnosticar SSc. Nuestro informe de caso hace hincapié en el papel desempefíado por las hormonas sexuales y las anomalías cromosómicas en la patogénesis del trastorno autoinmune; y hasta nuestro conocimiento, este es el único caso descrito en la literatura de un paciente TS que desarrolló SSc.

Clinical and immunological factors associated with lupus nephritis in an Argentine patient population: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: In recent decades, the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has increased thanks to early detection and the impact of new therapies on the survival of those affected. Up to 90% will have histopathological signs of kidney disease in the first 3 years of the disease, but lupus nephritis of clinical relevance will appear in 50% of cases, affecting kidney function and mortality. Despite aggressive therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of patients with LN remains unfavourable, mainly due to the high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (10%-20%) and mortality from all causes. Objective: To describe the clinical and immunological risk factors of a group of patients with lupus, comparing clinical and serological characteristics in relation to renal involvement to establish possible associations. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in which 87 patients with SLE were included. Clinical and immunological variables were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the presence of nephritis as an outcome. Results: The prevalence of lupus nephritis was 59%. The significantly associated variables were arterial hypertension (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.02-9.40), age of onset of lupus less than 25 years (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.08-6.73), the presence of reticular livedo (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.09-15.7), positive anti-DNA (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.18-7.24) and low levels of complement (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.64-10.2). Conclusions: Urinary sediment abnormalities were the most common renal manifestation and lupus debut before the age of 25 seems to increase the risk of developing nephritis. Future research is required for a better explanation of the associations found.

Introducción: En las últimas décadas, la prevalencia del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) se ha incrementado gracias a la detección temprana y al impacto de las nuevas terapias en la sobrevida de los afectados. Hasta el 90% de ellos tendrá signos histopatológicos de afección renal en los primeros 3 arios de la enfermedad, pero la nefritis lúpica (NL) de relevancia clínica aparecerá en el 50% de los casos, afectando la función renal y la mortalidad. A pesar de las estrategias terapéuticas agresivas, el pronóstico de los pacientes con NL sigue siendo desfavorable, principalmente debido al alto riesgo de progresión a enfermedad renal crónica terminal (10-20%) y de mortalidad por todas las causas. Objetivo: Describir los factores de riesgo clínicos e inmunológicos de un grupo de pacientes con lupus, comparando características clínicas y serológicas en relación con el compromiso renal, a fin de establecer posibles asociaciones. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en el que se incluyeron 87 pacientes con LES. Se analizaron variables clínicas e inmunológicas. Los análisis bivariado y multivariados se realizaron utilizando la presencia de nefritis como desenlace. Resultados: La prevalencia de NL fue del 59%. Las variables asociadas significativamente fueron hipertensión arterial (OR: 3,1; IC 95%: 1,02-9,40), edad de aparición del lupus menor de 25 años (OR: 2,7; IC 95%: 1,08-6,73), presencia de livedo reticularis (OR: 4,1; IC 95%: 1,0915,7), anti-DNA positivo (OR: 2,9; IC 95%: 1,18-7,24) y niveles bajos de complemento (OR: 4,0; IC 95%: 1,64-10,2). Conclusiones: Las anormalidades en el sedimento urinario fueron la manifestación renal más común, en tanto que el inicio lúpico antes de los 25 años parece incrementar el riesgo de desarrollar nefritis. Se requieren futuras investigaciones que den una mejor explicación a las asociaciones encontradas.

Hallazgos genitourinarios en mujeres con tumores ováricos / Genito-urinary findings in women with ovarian tumors

Los tumores de ovario son los trastornos ginecológicos más comunes. Los tumores de ovario son el tercer tumor más común en las mujeres. Los tumores de ovario a veces son asintomáticos y tienen síntomas no específicos, lo que hace que la mayoría de los casos sean difíciles de detectar temprano. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las características genitourinarias del tumor ovárico en un estudio hospitalario. Se realizó un estudio observacional en Bagdad, Iraq, entre septiembre de 2018 y febrero de 2021. Las mujeres diagnosticadas con tumores ovarios a los 18 años de edad o más. Un total de cincuenta mujeres que se inscribieron en nuestro hospital. Datos clínicos y patológicos recopilados y analizados. Los datos sobre comorbilidades y resultados fueron aprobados y diagnosticados por un equipo completo de médicos ginecológicos y urológicos multidisciplinarios. La incidencia general de tumores ováricos fue 70% maligna y 30% benigna. El estudio mostró que la mayor parte del grupo de edad de tumores ováricos era superior a 55 años (62%). La mitad de los pacientes eran nuliparidades. El nivel educativo era principalmente de bajo nivel en analfabeto (20%), primario (24%), secundario (36%) en comparación con el alto nivel. Las mujeres usaron anticoncepción en 52%. La historia familiar informó en el 18% de las mujeres. El tipo histopatológico más común era el carcinoma seroso ovárico 15 (30%). Las etapas regionales eran comunes en el 50% de los pacientes. Tumores de bajo grado en 32%, intermedio en 36%y alto en 32%. Casi, el 80% de las mujeres se sometieron a TAH. Alrededor del 60% de los pacientes recibieron quimioterapia. Los resultados de salud genitourinaria adversos a largo plazo incluyeron nefritis (6%), insuficiencia renal aguda (16%), enfermedad renal crónica (18%), infección urinaria (38%), cálculo (16%), hidronefrosis (20%), Obstrucción de la vejiga (2%), estenosis ureteral (12%), retención de orina (8%), incontinencia de orina (12%), hematuria (22%), PID (14%), adhesión de órganos (8%), cervicitis (2 %), Endometriosis (2%), quiste (6%), trastornos menstruales (24%), infertilidad (2%) y dolor menopáusica (32%). En conclusión, el cáncer de ovario representa el tercer tipo de cáncer ginecológico más común. Era más común en mujeres mayores de cinco décadas. El tipo histopatológico más común es el carcinoma seroso ovárico. Observamos que los sobrevivientes de cáncer de ovario experimentaron mayores riesgos de varias enfermedades genitourinarias. Comprender los escenarios de la morbilidad múltiple para los tumores ováricos es de vital importancia para mejorar la atención clínica después del diagnóstico.

Ovarian tumors are the most common gynecological disorders. Ovarian tumors are the third most common tumor in women. Ovarian tumors are sometimes asymptomatic and have non-specific symptoms, making most cases difficult to detect early. The aim of this study was to investigate genitourinary features of ovarian tumor in a hospital-based study. An observational study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq, between September 2018 and February 2021. Women diagnosed with ovarian tumors at 18 years of age or older. A total of Fifty women who enrolled in our hospital. Clinical and pathological data collected and analyzed. Data about comorbidities and outcomes were approved and diagnosed by full team of multidisciplinary gynecological and urological doctors were recorded. Overall incidence of ovarian tumors was 70% malignant and 30% benign. The study showed that the most age group of ovarian tumors was above 55 years (62%). Half of patients were nulliparities. Educational level was mostly of low level in illiterate (20%), primary (24%), secondary (36%) compared to high level. Women used contraception in 52%. The family history reported in 18% of women. The most common histopathological type was ovarian serous carcinoma 15(30%). Regional stages were common in 50% of patients. Low grade tumors in 32%, intermediate in 36% and high in 32%. Almost, 80% of women underwent TAH. About 60% of patients received chemotherapy. The long-term adverse genitourinary health outcomes correlated included Nephritis (6%), Acute renal failure (16%), Chronic kidney disease (18%), UTI (38%), Calculus (16%), Hydronephrosis (20%), Bladder obstruction (2%), Ureteric stenosis (12%), Urine retention (8%), Urine incontinence (12%), Hematuria (22%), PID (14%), Organ adhesion (8%), Cervicitis (2%), Endometriosis (2%), Cyst (6%), Menstrual disorders (24%), Infertility (2%), and Menopausal pain (32%). In conclusion, ovarian cancer represents the third most common gynecologic cancer type. It was more common in women aged above five decades. The most common histopathological type is ovarian serous carcinoma. We observed that ovarian cancer survivors experienced increased risks of various genitourinary diseases. Understanding the multi-morbidity scenarios for ovarian tumors is of vital importance to improve clinical care after diagnosis.

Understanding tubulointerstitial injury and repair mechanisms paves the way for renal outcome improvement in lupus nephritis / Entender la lesión tubulointersticial y los mecanismos de reparación será la vía para mejorar los desenlaces renales en nefritis lúpica

ABSTRACT Despite improvements in patient survival and quality of life, long-term renal survival has not changed significantly in the recent decades and nephritis relapses affect over 50% of patients with lupus nephritis. Renal fibrosis affecting the tubulointerstitial compartment is a central determinant of the prognosis of any kidney disease. Notwithstanding this evidence, the current 2003 ISN/RPS classification still focuses on glomerular pathology and does not include a mandatory score with clear subcategories of the tubulointerstitial injury in the biopsy. The pathogenesis, and the morphological and molecular characteristics of this process in patients with lupus nephritis will be considered, together with a discussion about the concepts the clinician needs to efficiently address in this injury during daily practice and in future clinical trials. Both tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis are strongly correlated with poor renal outcomes in lupus nephritis, regardless of the extent of glomerular damage. Therefore, it is essential to develop reliable and noninvasive approaches to predict which patients are most likely to develop CKD so that appropriate interventions can be adopted before ESRD is established. Currently, no ideal method for monitoring kidney fibrosis exists, since repeated renal biopsies are invasive. Promising methods for assessing and monitoring fibrosis non-invasively include imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or ex vivo confocal microscopy, integrated in computational and digital pathology techniques. Finally, beyond specific immunosuppressive treatment in Lupus Nephritis, identifying and treating cardiovascular risk factors should be a cornerstone of treatment in these patients.

RESUMEN A pesar de las mejoras en la sobrevida de los pacientes y su calidad de vida, la sobrevida renal en el largo plazo no ha cambiado significativamente durante las últimas décadas, y las recidivas nefríticas afectan a más del 50% de los pacientes con nefritis lúpica. La fibrosis renal, que afecta el compartimiento tubulointersticial, es un factor determinante central en el pronóstico de todas las patologías renales. A pesar de la evidencia, la actual clasificación ISN/RPS del 2003 todavía se concentra en la patología glomerular y no incluye un score obligatorio con claras subcategorías de la lesión tubulointersticial en la biopsia. Se hablará de la patogenia y las características morfológicas y moleculares de este proceso en pacientes con nefritis lúpica, así como de los conceptos que el clínico necesita para abordar esta lesión de manera eficiente en su práctica cotidiana y en los estudios clínicos a futuro. Tanto la inflamación tubulointersticial como la fibrosis se relacionan fuertemente con desenlaces renales pobres en la nefritis lúpica, con independencia de la extensión del dañío glomerular. Resulta por lo tanto esencial desarrollar sistemas confiables y no invasivos para predecir cuáles pacientes tendrán mayor probabilidad de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica, a fin de realizar las intervenciones apropiadas antes de que se establezca la enfermedad renal terminal (ERT). En la actualidad, no existe un método ideal para monitorear la fibrosis renal, dado que las biopsias repetidas son procedimientos invasivos. Algunos de los métodos promisorios para evaluar y monitorear la fibrosis de manera no invasiva son las técnicas de imágenes, tales como la resonancia magnética o la microscopía confocal ex vivo, integradas en técnicas de patología computarizadas y digitales. Finalmente, más allá del tratamiento inmunosupresor específico para la nefritis lúpica, identificar y tratar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular deberá ser uno de los pilares de tratamiento en estos pacientes.

Triticum vulgare para el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, Armenia, Colombia / Triticum vulgare for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Armenia, Colombia

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de Triticum vulgare en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia (SGUM). MÉTODO: Estudio cuasiexperimental (antes-después, con grupo control) en mujeres posmenopáusicas (amenorrea ≥ 36 meses, hormona estimulante del folículo > 40 U/l y estradiol < 25 pg/ml), sexualmente activas, con un índice de maduración vaginal (IMV) < 50 y pH ≥ 5, citología cervical negativa (Papanicolaou) y diagnóstico de SGUM, atendidas en el programa de climaterio y menopausia de una clínica privada de mediana complejidad, en Armenia, Quindío (Colombia). Se seleccionaron 207 mujeres con edad promedio de 55,19 ± 7,28 años. Se realizó un muestreo consecutivo. Se asignaron dos grupos: A (n = 105), que recibió T. vulgare, y B (n = 102), que recibió placebo. Se hizo seguimiento al inicio (basal) y 4, 8 y 12 semanas después, utilizando el IMV y el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFSF). Los síntomas del SGUM se evaluaron con una escala visual analógica (EVA). Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: La puntuación media del IMV fue mayor en las semanas 4, 8 y 12 en todas las mujeres del grupo A (p = 0,01). Se observó una diferencia significativa en el promedio final de la puntuación del IMV de T. vulgare frente al placebo (p < 0,05). Al final del estudio, el grupo A mostró una mejoría significativa en la puntuación promedio del IFSF, en comparación con el grupo B (p < 0,001). Las puntuaciones de la EVA presentaron una disminución progresiva a lo largo del estudio, pero fueron comparables entre los dos grupos (p = 0,813). CONCLUSIONES: T. vulgare es una efectiva, segura e innovadora alternativa, no hormonal, para el tratamiento del SGUM. No se registraron eventos adversos, por lo que se demostró su seguridad.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Triticum vulgare in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. METHOD: Quasi-experimental study (before-after, with control group) in postmenopausal women (amenorrhea ≥ 36 months, FSH > 40 U/L and estradiol < 25 pg/ml), sexually active, with a vaginal maturation index (VMI) < 50 and pH ≥ 5, negative cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) and with a diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (SGUM); who were treated in the climacteric and menopause program of a private clinic of medium complexity, in Armenia, Quindío (Colombia). 207 participants were selected, with a mean age of 55.19 ± 7.28 years. A consecutive sampling was carried out. Two groups were assigned: A (n = 105) with T. vulgare and B (n = 102) with placebo. Follow-up was done at baseline (baseline), four, eight and twelve weeks later, using the VMI and the female sexual function index (IFSF). Symptoms of SGUM were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Descriptive statistics were applied. RESULTS: The mean score of the IMV was higher in weeks 4, 8 and 12 in all the participants of group A (p = 0.01). A significant difference was observed in the final mean MVI score of T. vulgare versus placebo (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, group A showed a significant improvement in the mean IFSF score, compared to placebo (p < 0.001). The VAS scores showed a progressive decrease throughout the study but were comparable between the two groups (p = 0.813). CONCLUSIONS: T. vulgare is an effective, safe and innovative non-hormonal alternative for the treatment of SGUM. No adverse events were recorded, guaranteeing their safety.

Association of genitourinary infections and cervical length with preterm childbirth

A prospective cohort study was conducted on a convenience sample of 1370 pregnant women with a gestational age of 20 to 25 weeks in the city of Ribeirão Preto. Data on obstetrical history, maternal age, parity, smoking habit, and a history of preterm delivery was collected with the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire. Cervical length was determined by endovaginal ultrasound, and urine and vaginal content samples were obtained to determine urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacterial vaginosis (BV), respectively. The aim of this study was to verify the association of cervical length and genitourinary infections with preterm birth (PTB). Ultrasound showed no association of UTI or BV with short cervical length. PTB rate was 9.63%. Among the women with PTB, 15 showed UTI (RR: 1.55, 95%CI: 0.93-2.58), 19 had BV (RR: 1.22, 95%CI: 0.77-1.94), and one had both UTI and BV (RR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.13-5.62). Nineteen (14.4%) PTB occurred in women with a cervical length ≤2.5 cm (RR: 2.89, 95%CI: 1.89-4.43). Among the 75 patients with PTB stratified as spontaneous, 10 showed UTI (RR: 2.02, 95%CI: 1.05-3.86) and 14 had a diagnosis of BV (RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 0.97-3.04). A short cervical length between 20 and 25 weeks of pregnancy was associated with PTB, whereas UTI and BV determined at this age were not associated with short cervical length or with PTB, although UTI, even if asymptomatic, was related to spontaneous PTB.

Síndrome de Herlyn Werner Wünderlich. Presentación de caso y revisión de literatura / Síndrome de Herlyn Werner Wünderlich. Presentación de caso y revisión de literatura

El síndrome de Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich es una malformación mülleriana rara y poco diagnosticada, que se caracteriza por la triada de hemivagina obstruida, agenesia renal ipsilateral y útero didelfo; su diagnóstico suele ser tardío debido a la sintomatología inespecífica que produce: dolor abdominal, dismenorrea y masa abdominal palpable secundaria a hematocolpos. Esta entidad ocasiona graves alteraciones en la fertilidad. El uso de imágenes diagnósticas, como ecografía, tomografía y resonancia magnética, es imprescindible para diagnosticar esta anomalía. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 12 años con esta condición y una revisión de literatura.

Herlyn Werner Wünderlich Syndrome is a rare and undiagnosed mullerian malformation, characterized by the triad of clogged hemivagina, ipsilateral renal agenesis and didelphic uterus; its diagnosis is usually late due to the unspecific symptomatology it produces: abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea and palpable abdominal mass secondary to hematocolpos, causing serious changes in fertility. The use of diagnostic images such as ultrasound, tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is essential to diagnose this type of anomaly. The case of a 12-year-old patient with this condition and a review of the literature are presented.

Mulheres submetidas ao transplante de medula óssea: impacto dos quimioterápicos e da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro sobre o sistema reprodutor / Women undergoing bone marrow transplantation: impact of chemotherapy and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on the feminine reproductive system

O transplante de medula óssea (TMO) é um procedimento indicado para o tratamento de doenças hematológicas, que afetam muitas mulheres jovens. O aperfeiçoamento dos cuidados durante o TMO proporciona altos índices de cura e de sobrevida. No entanto, pode deixar sequelas em vários órgãos e sistemas, entre eles o sistema reprodutor e os órgãos genitais, impactando negativamente a qualidade de vida das receptoras do TMO. O objetivo desta publicação foi realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre o tema e propor um protocolo assistencial que torne acessível os cuidados relacionados à saúde sexual e reprodutiva a esse grupo especial de mulheres, baseado em dados clínicos de um ambulatório de assistência ginecológica às mulheres transplantadas no Hospital Amaral Carvalho, em Jaú, no interior de São Paulo.(AU)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is indicated for the treatment of hematological diseases which affect many young women. The improvement of care during BMT procedures provides higher cure and survival rates. however, it can cause sequelae in various organs and systems, including the reproductive system and genitals, negatively impacting quality of life. The purpose of this publication is to present a narrative review related to this theme and to propose a healthcare protocol that allows sexual and reproductive care in this special group of patients, based on the clinical experience of a gynecological outpatient clinic at the Amaral Carvalho Hospital, in Jaú (SP) which specifically care for these women.(AU)

Urogenital myiasis - An atypical presentation

The infestation of the human body by maggots has been reported worldwide and occurs most commonly in people of lower socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene. Urogenital is the rarest site of myiasis presentations. Here we report the case of a 20-year-old, sexually inactive female student who presented with a necrotic growth in the paraurethral region infested with numerous maggots. The lesion involved the urethra and the bladder base. She was treated with debridement and bladder irrigation. The cystoscopy and local examination performed 2 weeks after admission, confirmed the complete healing of the urogenital lesion. Managing this patient's unique challenge was to assess the extent of the involvement and removal of all maggots from the deepest wound portion. The female internal and external urogenital myiasis is a very occasional and under-reported health hazard. Reporting such cases increases the public and physician awareness about the mode of presentation, right diagnosis, and available treatment options.

Impact of COVID-19 in Female Urology

ABSTRACT This review discusses the impact of COVID-19 in Female Urology, revises the most important disorders in this field and how their diagnosis and treatment may be modified due to the current pandemic. The text also discusses new options such as telemedicine and what clinical situations within Female Urology should be of utmost importance for the urologist to be careful about. We also discuss how surgeries are being postponed are resumed according to the local scenario.

Efectividad y seguridad del policresuleno en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. Estudio controlado y aleatorizado / Effectiveness and safety of polyresullen in the treatment of menopausal genitourinary syndrome. Controlled and randomized study

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y seguridad del policresuleno frente al estriol y el lubricante vaginal, en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia en mujeres de Armenia (Quindío, Colombia). Materiales y métodos: en mujeres diagnosticadas con síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se hizo un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado y triple ciego. Se asignaron tres grupos (estriol, n=86, lubricante vaginal, n=83 y policresuleno, n=82). El principal parámetro indicador de efectividad fue la elevación de la puntuación del índice de salud vaginal (ISV), mejoría de la función sexual de acuerdo al índice de Función Sexual Femenina Abreviado-6 (IFSFA-6), porcentaje de mejoría de la sintomatología e incidencia de efectos adversos.Resultados: la efectividad fue mayor con el uso del estriol, seguida del policresuleno y menor con el lubricante vaginal (92,82%, 75,69% y 63,74%, respectivamente, p =0,012); también se encontraron diferencias en la mejoría de la función sexual, según los puntajes del IFSFA-6 [29,29 ± 6,23 (estriol), 28,66 ± 6,12 (policresuleno) y 25,38 ± 6,27 (lubricante vaginal), p = 0,021], con diferencias en el porcentaje tanto de la mejoría de la sintomatología como en la presentación de efectos adversos (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: el policresuleno tiene una significativa efectividad en el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, superior frente al lubricante vaginal,pero inferior comparado con el estriol. Es evidente la presencia de efectos adversos, mayores con el estriol, seguido del policresuleno y luego del lubricante vaginal, sin cuestionar el notable perfil de seguridad del policresuleno..Au

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of policresulen against estriol and vaginal lubricant in the treatment of menopausal genitourinary syndrome in women from Armenia (Quindío, Colombia). Materials and methods: in women diagnosed with genitourinary menopausal syndrome, a randomized, three-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Three groups were assigned (estriol, n = 86, vaginal lubricant, n = 83 and policresulen, n = 82). The main indicator parameter of effectiveness was the elevation of the vaginal health index (ISV) score, improvement in sexual function according to the Abbreviated Female Sexual Function Index-6 (IFSFA-6), percentage of improvement in symptoms and incidence of adverse effects. Results: the effectiveness was greater with the use of estriol, followed by policresulen and less with the vaginal lubricant (92.82%, 75.69% and 63.74%, respectively, p = 0.012); Differences were also found in the improvement of sexual function, according to IFSFA-6 scores [29.29 ± 6.23 (estriol), 28.66 ± 6.12 (policresulen) and 25.38 ± 6.27 (vaginal lubricant), p = 0.021], with differences in the percentage of both improvement in symptoms and in the presentation of adverse effects (p = 0.001). Conclusions: polycresullen has a significant effectiveness in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, superior compared to vaginal lubricant, but inferior when compared to estriol. The presence of adverse effects is evident, greater with estriol, followed by policresulen and then vaginal lubricant, without questioning the remarkable safety profile of polyresulin..Au

Prolapso uretral en una niña con sangrado urogenital / Urethral prolapse in a girl with urogenital bleeding

El prolapso uretral es una enfermedad poco frecuente que afecta a la uretra distal. Ocurre, con mayor frecuencia, en niñas negras prepúberes y en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El motivo de consulta suele ser sangrado genital y/o disuria. El tratamiento incluye desde terapia conservadora hasta operaciones quirúrgicas.Se presenta el caso de una niña blanca de 11 años que acudió a Urgencias por flujo vaginal desde hacía 6 días y sangrado genital desde hacía 3 días, que se acompañaba de dolor punzante en la región genital, con disuria ocasional. Se observó una eversión circular de la mucosa uretral con un área granulomatosa y necrótica, por lo que se intervino quirúrgicamente y se realizó una resección del prolapso, con resolución de la clínica

Urethral prolapse is an uncommon condition that involves the distal urethra. It occurs most often in prepuberal black girls and in postmenopausal women. The reason for consultation is usually genital bleeding and/or dysuria. The treatment includes from conservative therapy to surgical interventions.We present the case of an 11-year-old white girl who came to the Emergency Room due to vaginal discharge for 6 days and genital bleeding for 3 days that was accompanied by stabbing pain in genital region, with occasional dysuria. A circular eversion of the urethral mucosa was observed, so the patient was surgically intervened, performing a prolapse resection with clinical resolution

Vulvar tuberculosis-A rare manifestation of the disease / Tuberculose vulvar - Uma manifestação rara da doença

Abstract Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to data from the World Health Organization, this disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although it most commonly affects the lungs, tuberculosis can compromise any organ. The present study reports a rare case of vulvar tuberculosis in a postmenopausal woman with a history of asymptomatic pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis, with no prior documented contact with the bacillus. Diagnosis was based on vulvar lesion biopsies, with histological findings suggestive of infection and isolation of M. tuberculosis by microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) essays. The lesions reverted to normal after tuberculostatic therapy.

Resumo A tuberculose é uma doença infeciosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. De acordo com dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde, esta doença mantém-se entre as principais causas demorte nomundo. Embora afetemais frequentemente os pulmões, a tuberculose pode comprometer qualquer órgão. O presente artigo relata um caso raro de tuberculose vulvar numa mulher na pós-menopausa, com antecedentes de tuberculose pleural e pulmonar assintomática, sem contato documentado com o bacilo. O diagnóstico foi feito com base na biópsia da lesão vulvar, com achados histológicos sugestivos da infeção e isolamento do M. tuberculosis pormeios de cultura e pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Após terapêutica tuberculostática, as lesões reverteram.